This is a procedure by which pituitary gland is stopped from controlling the ovary. As a result, it reduces the risk of a cycle being cancelled by luteinising hormone (LH) hormone. LH hormone can disrupt normal follicle and oocyte development. Moreover, it can stimulate premature release of the eggs before they can be collected in the laboratory.
This aims at producing a number of mature eggs which can be collected for fertilization in the laboratory. It is done by giving daily injections for 10- 12 days. Hormones like FSH and LH are given as shots in various combinations. The dose and duration is decided by ultrasound and hormone monitoring of cycle.
Growth of follicles, at the end of the stimulation phase maturation of eggs is important. In an IVF cycle, eggs are collected after the ovulation trigger. HCG is an hormone which is used to mimic the natural endogenous LH surge. As a result, the process of ovulation id initiated. Then, mature eggs are collected from the woman and fertilized with sperm in a laboratory.
After triggering, mature oocytes are aspirated from the woman’s ovaries for fertilization in the laboratory. Egg harvesting can either be done under direct vision laparoscopically or by ultrasound.
Some cases of male factor infertility the sperm has to be obtained directly from the testes. Surgically collected sperm in azoospermia are immature.
In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a complex series of procedures used to achieve fertilization. IVF or ICSI is the most effective form of assisted reproductive technology. IVF/ICSI aims at achieving fertilization and embryo development through hi-tech laboratory equipment and skilful techniques.
After IVF procedure embryos are cultured in the laboratory for optimal growth. Once the embryos are ready patients return to the IVF facility for embryo transfer. Embryo transfer is a quicker and easier procedure than retrieval of eggs.
In a normal menstrual cycle, once ovulation has occurred, the endometrium prepares to receive a fertilized embryo. However, during IVF procedure use of hormones to block the activity of the pituitary gland can result in inadequate production of support hormones.
Hence, in IVF the luteal phase needs to be supported by means of progesterone, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and other medication. Luteal phase support with progesterone is associated with significantly more live full-term singleton births.
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