What is hyperpigmentation? Hyperpigmentation is a frequent disorder in which certain parts of the skin are darker than others. “Hyper” refers to more, while “pigment” refers to colour. Hyperpigmentation can manifest as brown, black, grey, red, or pink patches or blotches. The spots are also known as ageing spots, sun spots, or liver spots. What causes hyperpigmentation? Skin cells produce a chemical called melanin, which gives skin its colour. When skin cells are damaged or diseased, they might produce an excessive amount of melanin. Melanin might clump, making the region appear darker. Many things can lead to hyperpigmentation: Hormone changes, such as during puberty or pregnancy. Adrenal problems, such as Addison’s disease, occur when the body does not produce enough cortisol. Genetics, such as a freckled family. Skin injury (for example, acne, wounds, or burns), which is frequently referred to as postinflammatory hyperpigmentation. Medications that cause light sensitivity, such as oral contraceptives (birth control pills). Melasma. Certain vitamins, such as B12 and folic acid, are deficient.