Intravaginal culture, commonly known as INVO (intravaginal culture of oocytes), is a technique used in assisted reproduction in which oocyte fertilization and early embryo development take place inside a plastic device that is gas permeable and airless and is inserted into the vagina of the mother for incubation.

IVF (in vitro fertilization): when, outside of the body, in a lab, an egg cell meets a sperm cell. stem cells from embryos (ESCs): Embryo cells that are one week old. These cells have two unique characteristics: they can differentiate into any form of cell and can divide indefinitely under specific circumstances.